Spicy Fermented Korean Cabbage

Featured in: Fresh Bowls & Easy Sides

Create authentic Korean kimchi through traditional fermentation methods that transform napa cabbage and vegetables into a vibrant, probiotic-rich side dish. The process involves salting cabbage to draw out moisture, then coating it in a flavorful spice paste made from garlic, ginger, onion, and Korean red chili flakes. After packing tightly into jars, the vegetables ferment at room temperature for 1-2 days, developing that signature tangy, sour flavor profile kimchi lovers crave. The result is a crunchy, spicy condiment packed with beneficial bacteria that only improves with age in the refrigerator.

Updated on Sat, 24 Jan 2026 23:23:08 GMT
Vibrant homemade kimchi with bright red chili paste coating crunchy napa cabbage and julienned daikon in a glass jar, ready for fermentation.  Save
Vibrant homemade kimchi with bright red chili paste coating crunchy napa cabbage and julienned daikon in a glass jar, ready for fermentation. | pulsecuisine.com

Kimchi is a vibrant, spicy, and tangy cornerstone of Korean cuisine, cherished for its complex umami profile and probiotic benefits. This traditional fermented dish combines crunchy napa cabbage and julienned daikon radish with a potent seasoning of garlic, ginger, and Korean red chili flakes, creating a versatile side that elevates any meal.

Vibrant homemade kimchi with bright red chili paste coating crunchy napa cabbage and julienned daikon in a glass jar, ready for fermentation.  Save
Vibrant homemade kimchi with bright red chili paste coating crunchy napa cabbage and julienned daikon in a glass jar, ready for fermentation. | pulsecuisine.com

While the process requires a few days of patience, the result is approximately 2 liters of nutrient-dense, flavorful kimchi. This batch provides about 12 servings, each offering a low-calorie burst of flavor at just 35 calories per serving.

Ingredients

  • 1 large napa cabbage (about 1.2 kg / 2.5 lbs)
  • 1 medium daikon radish (about 200 g), julienned
  • 4 scallions, sliced
  • 1 medium carrot, julienned (optional)
  • 80 g (1/3 cup) coarse sea salt
  • 1.5 liters (about 6 cups) cold water
  • 6 cloves garlic, minced
  • 1 thumb-sized piece fresh ginger, peeled and minced
  • 1 small onion, roughly chopped
  • 3 tbsp fish sauce (or soy sauce for vegan)
  • 1 tbsp sugar
  • 3–5 tbsp Korean red chili flakes (gochugaru), to taste
  • 2 tbsp rice flour
  • 150 ml (2/3 cup) water
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Instructions

Step 1
Cut the napa cabbage lengthwise into quarters, then chop into 2-inch pieces.
Step 2
Dissolve sea salt in 1.5 liters cold water in a large non-reactive bowl. Add cabbage pieces, tossing to coat. Place a plate and a weight on top to keep submerged. Let sit for 2 hours, tossing every 30 minutes.
Step 3
Rinse the salted cabbage thoroughly under cold water 2–3 times to remove excess salt. Drain well.
Step 4
To make the spice paste, whisk rice flour with 150 ml water in a small saucepan over medium heat until thickened (about 1–2 minutes). Let cool.
Step 5
In a blender, combine cooled rice paste, garlic, ginger, onion, fish sauce (or soy sauce), and sugar. Blend until smooth. Stir in gochugaru to desired spice level.
Step 6
In a large bowl, combine drained cabbage, daikon radish, carrot (if using), and scallions. Add spice paste and, using kitchen gloves, massage thoroughly to coat all vegetables.
Step 7
Pack the kimchi tightly into clean glass jars or a fermentation crock, pressing down to eliminate air pockets. Leave at least 2.5 cm (1 inch) headspace at the top.
Step 8
Seal and leave at room temperature out of direct sunlight for 1–2 days, burping the jars daily to release gas.
Step 9
Taste after 48 hours; once sour and tangy to your liking, store in the refrigerator. Kimchi will continue to ferment slowly and develop deeper flavors over several weeks.

Zusatztipps für die Zubereitung

For a milder version of this kimchi, reduce the quantity of gochugaru. You can also add grated apple or pear to the spice paste to introduce a natural sweetness that balances the heat.

Varianten und Anpassungen

To prepare a vegan version, simply replace the fish sauce with soy sauce or a vegan fish sauce alternative. If you have gluten sensitivities, ensure the soy sauce used is certified gluten-free.

Serviervorschläge

Kimchi is traditionally served as a side dish, but it is equally delicious when incorporated into soups or served alongside rice and eggs. For a beverage pairing, enjoy it with a crisp lager or a dry Riesling.

Freshly made kimchi in a bowl, featuring red gochugaru-spiced vegetables and scallions, served as a tangy Korean side dish with rice.  Save
Freshly made kimchi in a bowl, featuring red gochugaru-spiced vegetables and scallions, served as a tangy Korean side dish with rice. | pulsecuisine.com

As your kimchi rests in the refrigerator, its flavors will continue to mature and mellow. This living food is a testament to the beauty of fermentation, offering a unique taste of Korean tradition in every bite.

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Recipe FAQs

How long does kimchi fermentation take?

Kimchi typically ferments at room temperature for 1-2 days before becoming tangy enough to refrigerate. However, flavors continue developing over weeks in cold storage, becoming more complex and sour over time.

Can I make kimchi without fish sauce?

Absolutely. Substitute fish sauce with soy sauce or vegan fish sauce alternatives to create a plant-based version. The flavor profile remains authentic and delicious.

What makes kimchi spicy?

Korean red chili flakes called gochugaru provide the signature heat. Adjust amount from 3-5 tablespoons depending on spice preference. The flakes offer mild to medium heat with deep, earthy flavor.

Why is rice flour used in kimchi?

Rice flour creates a thickened paste base that helps spices adhere evenly to cabbage leaves. This traditional technique ensures consistent seasoning throughout every batch and helps fermentation proceed properly.

How do I know when kimchi is ready to eat?

Taste after 48 hours of room temperature fermentation. When tangy, slightly sour, and bubbly, it's ready for refrigeration. The texture should remain crisp with vibrant red color throughout.

What dishes pair well with kimchi?

Serve alongside rice bowls, in soups like kimchi jjigae, fried rice, with eggs, or simply as a spicy condiment. The tangy brightness complements rich meats, noodles, and mild vegetables perfectly.

Spicy Fermented Korean Cabbage

Fermented napa cabbage with spicy chili paste, garlic, and ginger for authentic Korean flavors

Prep Time
40 minutes
Cook Time
2880 minutes
Total Duration
2920 minutes
Created by Noah Gray


Skill Level Medium

Cuisine Type Korean

Makes 12 Number of servings

Diet Preferences No Dairy, No Gluten

What You'll Need

Produce

01 1 large napa cabbage (about 2.5 lbs)
02 1 medium daikon radish (about 7 oz), julienned
03 4 scallions, sliced
04 1 medium carrot, julienned (optional)

Salt & Water

01 1/3 cup coarse sea salt
02 6 cups cold water

Spice Paste

01 6 cloves garlic, minced
02 1 thumb-sized piece fresh ginger, peeled and minced
03 1 small onion, roughly chopped
04 3 tbsp fish sauce (or soy sauce for vegan)
05 1 tbsp sugar
06 3-5 tbsp Korean red chili flakes (gochugaru), to taste
07 2 tbsp rice flour
08 2/3 cup water

How-To Steps

Step 01

Prepare the Cabbage: Cut the napa cabbage lengthwise into quarters, then chop into 2-inch pieces.

Step 02

Salt the Cabbage: Dissolve sea salt in 6 cups cold water in a large non-reactive bowl. Add cabbage pieces, tossing to coat. Place a plate and a weight on top to keep submerged. Let sit for 2 hours, tossing every 30 minutes.

Step 03

Rinse and Drain: Rinse the salted cabbage thoroughly under cold water 2-3 times to remove excess salt. Drain well.

Step 04

Prepare Rice Paste Base: Whisk rice flour with 2/3 cup water in a small saucepan over medium heat until thickened, about 1-2 minutes. Let cool.

Step 05

Blend Spice Paste: In a blender, combine cooled rice paste, garlic, ginger, onion, fish sauce (or soy sauce), and sugar. Blend until smooth. Stir in gochugaru to desired spice level.

Step 06

Coat Vegetables: In a large bowl, combine drained cabbage, daikon radish, carrot (if using), and scallions. Add spice paste and, using kitchen gloves, massage thoroughly to coat all vegetables.

Step 07

Pack into Jars: Pack the kimchi tightly into clean glass jars or a fermentation crock, pressing down to eliminate air pockets. Leave at least 1 inch headspace at the top.

Step 08

Ferment at Room Temperature: Seal and leave at room temperature out of direct sunlight for 1-2 days, burping the jars daily to release gas.

Step 09

Refrigerate: Taste after 48 hours; once sour and tangy to your liking, store in the refrigerator. Kimchi will continue to ferment slowly and develop deeper flavors over several weeks.

Gear You'll Need

  • Large mixing bowls
  • Colander
  • Blender or food processor
  • Kitchen gloves
  • Fermentation jars or crock
  • Knife and cutting board

Allergy Details

Always look over ingredients for allergens and consult your healthcare provider if unsure.
  • Contains fish (unless vegan version is used) and soy (if substituting with soy sauce).
  • Gluten-free if using gluten-free soy sauce.
  • Always check ingredient labels, especially for fish sauce and soy sauce.

Nutrition Info (per portion)

For your reference only—this isn’t a substitute for advice from a health expert.
  • Calorie Count: 35
  • Fat Content: 0.2 g
  • Carbohydrates: 7 g
  • Proteins: 1.5 g